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Feathers of ostrich, feathers of pheasant feathers for decoration or hats.
A feather is, among the birds, an appendix complex tégumentaire constituted of keratin that covers the almost-totality with the body. The feather is a characteristic element of the class of the birds. As hairs, the scales, the nails, the claws, the hooves, the teeth, the feathers are phanères.
The set of the feathers, generally several thousand, form the feather, whose function is to protect the body of the bird of the ambient environment, notably against water and the cold weather, and to permit the flight (to see the section Function).
Summary [to conceal]
1 structure
2 function
3 use
4 to see also
4.1 internal tie
4.2 external tie

Structure [to modify]
The structure of a detailed feather.A feather is composed of a central axis, hollow to his/her/its basis (the calamus that is born in a follicle of the epidermis) and full in his/her/its main part (the rachis). The rachis carries the beards, inserted in two sets on both sides of the axis in only one plan, and intricate by perpendicular barbules provided with innumerable minuscule hooks.
One distinguishes several types of feathers :
the feathers used for the flight: rémiges (feathers of the wings) and rectors (named caudal feathers as quills),
the feathers tectrices or feathers of cover,
down, formed of light feathers whose beards are not tangled.
Function [to modify]
Of the flight of the birds has been consisted paradoxically better as the man tried to imitate them while constructing some planes. According to the type of specific flight to every category of bird the feathers of the wings and the tail will have a shape and a different working.
The birds to the very fast flight (by ex. the swallow) have short wings to the very fine extremities and pointed toward the rear in the shape of billbook (arrow important of the hunters).
The wings of the birds doing of flights hovered to big speed (albatross) have an important elongation (gliders).
Some birds conjugate the flight hovered and the flight in nosedive when they first observe in search of then the landscape a prey found on her. Their wing is first then entirely expanded folds back then to offer a least resistance. The mad of Bassan that dive to several meters of depth in water to fish even lengthen their wings along the body.
The eagles and the condors to the flight hovered slow have in extremity of their wings separated some feathers as the fingers of the hand that permit to take advantage of the lift created by the whirlwind (ailerette or winglet). Besides, they have on the side of attack of their wings, some feathers that fold back on the extrados the out-flow of air that has the tendency to come unstuck in flight very slow to big impact (beak against the unhooking, slat in English).
Some migratory birds fly in triangle, each taking advantage of the whirlwind created by the animal who precedes it, the animal placed in head coming to take a rest regularly in tail (as to volleyball).
Some birds head with the help of their flat beak situated far forward of the body (plan duck) and have feathers rectors of very weak measurements therefore.
The discovery of dinosaurs to feathers incapable to fly has succité of the numerous hypotheses on the function primitive of the feathers, the more vraissemblable is the one of thermal insulator.

Use [to modify]
The main use of the feathers is the one of down to manufacture insulating clothes (anorak, doudoune...) as well as of the sleeping bags, quilts, pillows, pigtail... The most well-known is the down of the eider (who is at the origin of the word quilt). Down is competed strongly by the synthetic fibers.
The big feathers colored of some birds (ostrich, casoar...) serve elements of decoration in the garment and the costume of stage as well as for the hats and the hairdressing.
Also signal the old use of the feathers of geese as instrument of writing.
And finally, feathers and downs constitute one of the materials of basis of the manufacture of the flies used by the fishers to the fly. The first written trace that one has this use is in a description of Claudius Aelianus in the IIe century.

THE FEATHERS
according to "THE FEATHER TO to FORGIVE" Stéphane Méli@de!

The history of the tree to Feathers
One day while had fun Max-max and the whole company, the tree-to-feathers met a man who was called Terror of terrors. Terror of terrors tells the tree": You gave to max-max plucks it to forgive, I wanted it. You are going to pay it to me." Terror of terrors pronounced a magic formula, then the tree met on the quite plucked earth!... He/it was so sad that him himself lay
[Attention ! Le texte à traduire est trop long. La traduction a été tronquée.]